Drills on various Topics in Persian Grammar
 
 
Compensatory Lengthening: Deletion of  both of the letters he (ح and  ه) in Spoken Style
 

Drag & Drop with audio: he deletion in Spoken Style Exercise

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list: answer key for item above he deletion in Spoken Style List

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Compensatory Lengthening: Deletion of  the letter `ayn in Spoken Style
  Pronunciation: the letter `ayn ع  Comparison of Arabic & Persian with audio and sound image   1
 

Drag & Drop with audio: `ayn deletion in Spoken Style Exercise

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list: answer key for item above `ayn deletion in Spoken Style List

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Final -e reverting to -a in Spoken/Colloquial: /panjare ro/ to /panjara ro/, /nāme-sh/ to /nāma-sh/, /hame-shun/ to /hama-shun/
  Sentences:  final -e reverting to -a    1
 
budan, the copula "to be"
  Sentences: suffix /-ast/ in Spoken style pronounced  /-as/ or just /-s/ 3rd person singular as /-s/ after /a/ and /ā/    1
       
 
fronting, topic of sentence is different from subject of verb, generally occurring with an ezāfe construction
  Sentences: fronting simple cases   1
       
 
balad: having practical know-how, knowing how to do something
  Sentences: to know how to do x: balad budan + another verb conjugated in the subjunctive mood   1
  Sentences: to know (how) + noun: balad budan + noun   2
  Sentences: balad by itself, to know (how): balad budan without complement   3
  Sentences: Do you know how to...? = Will you...?: balad budan as a disguised request for help   4
  Sentences: balad budan overlapping with dānestan, esp. idioms: balad budan confused with dānestan   5
  Sentences: balad / nā-balad as a noun or substantive: balad meaning "guide", "expert", "knower"   6
 
Pronouns
  Sentences: The gender non-specific,colloquial taraf meaning "the guy", "that person"   1
       
 
Personal Suffixes, Pronominal Suffixes, Enclitics
  Sentences: as direct object with simple verbs:  rā replaced by a personal suffix, simple verbs   1
  Sentences: as direct object with compound verbs: rā replaced by a personal suffix, simple verbs   2
  Sentences: fardā-sh: -ash /-esh referring to an unstated possessor:  -ash/-esh as a place-holder / link, often translated as "the"   3
reflexives, khod Flashcards: Reflexives require changing the pronoun with ezāfe to corresponding enclitic suffix or khod   NEW!!   4
 
The question tag āyā
7 easy questions and answers Set: 1 Drag & Drop Spoken    2: Drag & Drop Written   3:  Translation Spoken    4:  Translation Written 1
 
The emphasis marker and sentence tag ā (classical) / (h)ā (modern), chiefly with imperatives and optatives
  Sentences: ā or hā emphatic marker in classical and modern Persian  1
 
The diminutive suffix -ak
  list: Usage of -ak   1
 
The causative -ān (written) or -un (spoken)
  list: Some Sentences with and without the Causative  -ān (written) and -un (spoken)   1
  conjugation: formal/written: residan vs. resāndan;  رسیدن  vs. رساندن  :: colloquial/spoken:  resundan   رسوندن   2
 
The preposition bā
  list: Usage of bā   1
 
The definite article -e. A feature of Spoken/Colloquial Persian only.
  list: The suffix -e meaning 'the' in spoken style only   1
  Sentences: "the" suffix -e (simplest case)    2
final -e reverting to -a  Sentences: "the" suffix -e becomes -a when followed by another suffix  Related: Sentences:  final -e reverting to -a    3
  Sentences: "the" suffix -e becomes -he when suffixed to nouns ending in -e (bachche, gorbe, etc)    4
  Sentences: "the" suffix -e becomes -he and then -ha when suffixed to nouns ending in -e followed by another suffix    5
ezāfe incompatible with additional "the" Sentences: "The big house, not the small house" -  "the" suffix -e on noun + adj phrases, ezāfe not allowed    6
 
The suffix -mand
bachche-susul 

Flashcards: Easy examples of words with and without -mand

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list: answer key for item above Easy examples of words with and without -mand

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rā:  specificity marker of objects
rā replaced by a personal suffix, simple verbs      
rā replaced by a personal suffix, simple verbs      
Chris de Burgh Dictation: rā or lack of rā with Ambitransitive Verbs   1
  List: answer key for item above rā or lack of rā with Ambitransitive Verbs   2
  Sentences: rā marking specificity in a complex DP in Spoken/Colloquial style. Examples with /ro/    Examples with /o/    3
  Sentences: rā marking specificity in a complex DP in a blending of Formal and Colloquial styles. Examples with /rā/    4
 
The letter Ye: -i, -ye, -ā; indefinite, specific, relative
  List: Kinds of words ending in the letter Yeh   1
  Flashcards: Add an adjective to an indefinite noun   2
  List: answer key for the flashcards, Add an adjective to an indefinite noun   3
  Drag & Drop with audio: Listen for the stressed (abstract noun) or unstressed (indefinite) final /-i/   4
  list: answer key for item above: Listen for the stressed (abstract noun) or unstressed (indefinite) final /-i/ (List)   5
 
  Infinitives as nouns
  Sentences: infinitives used as nouns - positive infinitives   1
  Sentences: infinitives used as nouns - negative infinitives   2
 
Fossilized Expression: (tā) che beresad be - "x not to mention y"
  Sentences: "not even...much less/forget about"  -  negative   1
  Sentences: "not to mention" -  positive   2
  Sentences: "let alone [the fact that]" -  with an in-ke clause   3
  Sentences: "let alone" -  preceded by tā   4
 
Age and aging: sāl(-am, et, -esh, etc) budan, sāle budan, sāl dashtan / shodan
  Sentences:  to be / become  n years old     1
       
Verbs built on bar-khord - "to collide", "to hit", "to clash", "to offend", "to get offended", "to enjoy", "to benefit from"
  Sentences:  bar-khord verbs    1
 
biā , 2nd singular imperative of āmadan, "to come", short for /biā begir/ meaning "Here, take this [thing]" (often with in-(h)am)
  Sentences:  biā meaning here, take this thing    1
       
Numbers
bachche-susul  Flashcards: How to read out telephone numbers NEW!!   1
       
       
       

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