Madāen Pt 1 -- Vocabulary -- English to Persian (137 items)

Directions: Click on Next.

palace; hall; veranda; portico	ایوان
once, one time, firstly	یک
castle, palace	قصر
(you) hear! (imperative) < to hear	بشنو < شنیدن
(you) call on (imperative, obsolete verb) < to call someone's name out loud, to call out to someone with a request	آواز ده < آواز دادن، کسی را
The poet has, by accident or design placed "joghd" and "al-haqq" next to each other, however, they are not part of a compound and in fact, there should be a comma after the "johgd". Still, the reader may recall the common Persian poetic trope, the "morgh-e haqq" who supposedly cries "haqq-haqq" all night in lamentation. Here the poet is merely saying "From the lamenting of the owl, truth be told, we reel in head pain."	جغد الحق
if	گر = اگر
court, palace court, royal palace, dargah is a poetic short form of dargāh.	درگه = درگاه
tear, teardrop	اشک
yes, classical and literary form	آری
(you) make settle (imperative) < to make settle, to cause to subside. neshāndan is the causative of the verb neshastan, 'to sit'. (Not related to /neshān/ as in 'to show' or 'sign', etc.)	بنشان < نشاندن
it gives, it will give to you a piece of advice. The -at suffix on dahad-at replaces /be to/.	پندی دهدت
(you) cry! (imperative) < to cry	گری < گریستن = گریه کردن
heaven-like. The sufix -vash means "-like".	فلک‌وش
now	اکنون = کنون
every palace, every castle	هر قصری
it brings, (present subjunctive, no mi-), the missing /v/, ārad for āvarad is also common in classical style	آرد = آورد = می‌آورد < آوردن
ear of the heart, heart's ear	گوش دل
we are	مائیم = ما هستیم
that inside	کاندر = که اندر
it would become, pronunciation: shavad, (subjunctive) < to become	شود < شدن
owl (an inauspicious creature in the Persian tradition)	جغد
This is read in two ways: either as /gashtan/gardidan/ in participle form (meaning "turning by itself") or as the present stem of /gardāndan/ meaning "causing to turn". The poet uses the former first and the latter second in the same line 16.	فلک‌گردان
Beware! Take heed!	هان
lawn, pasture, meadow	چمن
piece of advice, lesson, example	پند
sore(s) struck, erupted < to have sores appear	آبله زد < آبله زدن
/tā/ here simply means "until" and in this context it implies "[now we can only sit back and wait] until [the inevitable happens now that the wheels have been set in motion]". This formulaic /tā/ often appears in the line containing the "moral of the story" in didactic fables and advice literature. This sense of "tā" is also used in the common expression, tā cheshm-etān kur shavad = [just wait] until you become blind, i.e., reap the horrible consequences, see the just desserts in this lesson.)	تا خود چه رسد
water which fire makes (it) roasted, water which fire broils. The emphasis here is on the special properties of the water which can be broiled by normal fire. It is the unusual properties of sensitivity, nostalgia, love, lament of the water of Dajle for Madāen that makes it vulnerable to being broiled by the said fire.	آب ... کاتش کندش بریان
(you) shed! (imperative) < to shed	بفشان < فشاندن = افشاندن
we are with pain of the head. Contrast /dard-e sar/, a greater kind of pain with /sar-dard/, a simple head-ache.	مائیم به درد سر
sometimes	گه‌گه = گه‌گاه = گاه‌گاه
a half	نیمی
/sar/ (top) .../bon/ ( bottom), two extremes of measurement. The poet consciously plays on this contrast by asking the reader to hear what comes from the top of the parapet from the bottom depth of his bones, so to speak.	سر دندانه بشنو ز بن دندان
reply	پاسخ
fire-pit, -dān, suffix denoting a "container" for something	آتش‌دان
frozen, that which has frozen < to freeze	افسرده = فسرده < افسردن = فسردن
and from [your] eye	وز دیده
we are your dust	ما خاک توایم = ما خاک تو هستیم
burning of heart, burning in the/its heart	سوز دل
make a preparation of clay, make some clay	گلابی کن
gardān, causing turning, present stem of gardāndan, causative form of gashtan and gardidan	(یا حکم) فلک‌گردان:
[if] it should mix (together), (subjunctive) < to mix (together)	درآمیزد < درآمیختن
it broke, the prefix /be-/ is often added to the simple past in classical poetry, pronunciation: /bogsast/ < gosastan, to break, to break apart, to unravel, to come undone	بگسست < گسستن
from. /ze/ is a poetic short form of /az/	ز = از
it cries < to cry. /gerye kardan/ is the modern equivalent of the obsolete /geristan/	صد دجلهٔ خون
zakāt" or "zokāt", one of the "five pillars of Islam is a portion of one's income or gain that Muslims are obligated to pay directly to help certain financially underprivileged classes of the society. This term, here implies that the receiver is at some disadvantage with respect to the giver. When someone mourns for the loss of a loved one, no matter how high and powerful they may be, they still deserve the generosity of the consoling tears of sympathy of visitors. In this sense, the mourner is at a disadvantage with respect to the visitors. Now, Tigris, though lofty, rich, and benevolent enough to give "zakāt" to the mighty sea, mourns the loss of Madāen, and as such, it is deserving of the "zakāt" of the condolence tears of the visitors.	زكاة = زکات
clay, gel-āb is a certain kind of clay with therapeutic properties. The alternative reading of “gol-āb” [=rose-water] has also been used, but seems less justified in this context.)	گلاب
[when you are on] one of the paths going via the Tigris	ره ز ره دجله
one who sees/understands the lesson to be learned in the given example, one who heeds the warning	عبرت‌بین
injustice, pronunciation: setam	ستم
yearning, longing, remorse	حسرت
lodge / get down at Madāen, set up camp at Madāen	منزل به مدائن کن
(you) see! (imperative) < to see	بین < دیدن
court, bār-gah is the poetic short form of bār-gāh	بارگه = بارگاه
lip, bank, edge, shore	لب
(you) put! (you) place! (imperative) < to put, to place	نه < نهادن
tyrants	ستم‌کاران = ستم‌کارها
[that] fire would broil it (subjunctive)	اتش کندش بریان = آتش آن را بریان بکند
chain; dynasty	سلسله
that fire, which fire	کاتش = که آتش
how strange	چه عجب
dovom dajle = dovvom-in dajle = dajle-ye dovvom) - "a second Tigris". This usage of /dovom/ creates not only a highly literary stylistic effect, but also a smooth, enumerative flow after the /yek/ of the first mesra`. Placing the adjective /dovom/ before the noun also serves to turn the noun + adjective phrase into one compound noun: "another Tigris of a different kind", "a mini-Tigris". Also note here the poetic lack of gemination: /dovom/ in place of /dovvom/.	دوم دجله
The Tigris itself. pronunciation: /khod dajle/.	خود دجله
tooth	دندان
lament, lamentation, elegy	نوحه
who? (classical spelling style)	که = کی
bloody water	خوناب
like a chain, as a chain.	چون سلسله
learn a lesson, take a warning < to learn a lesson for life	عبر کن < عبر کردن = عبرت گرفتن = پند گرفتن
again and again, over and over	نو نو = نونو = بار بار
melodies, tunes, chants	الحان = لحن‌ها
at the point when, when, since the palace chain unraveled	تا سلسله‌ٔ درگه بگسست
that from	کز = که از
burning, burning heat, present stem of /sukhtan/, to burn	سوز < سوختن
after the nightingale, following after of the nightingale	پی بلبل
road, way, path, walk. /rah/ is a poetic short form of /rāh/	ره = راه
two or three, a few	دو سه
it drips (present indicative, no mi- as in classical style) < to drip	چکد < چکیدن
blister, sore, rash, pox, pronounced /ābele/. (Compare with /ablah/ meaning 'fool', 'foolish'.) Here, "ābele" refers to cold sores, also known as fever blisters, groups of small blisters on the lip and around the mouth caused by the herpes simplex virus.	آبله
khod, self, here used adverbially, "by itself", "inevitably": until the inevitable happens all by itself	تا خود چه رسد
mirror; also the name of a genre of "advice literature", usually for princes. (This word may be spelled either with the "hamza + ye" or with "ye + ye", both are correct.)	آیینه = آئینه
gard-ān, turning (by itself), -ān suffix for present participle	(حکم) فلک‌گردان: گردان < گشتن / گردیدن
it cries < to cry. /gerye kardan/ is the modern equivalent of the obsolete /geristan/. This verb may be used with /bar/ to [literally] mean 'to cry upon' that is, make it wet, or figuratively 'to cry for someone/something' out of pity.	گرید < گریستن = گریه کردن
Ctesiphon, ancient Seleucid, Parthian and Sassanian capital, located on the Tigris river in Mesopotamia in what is now Iraq. All that remains is the arched Ayvān structure, known as the Tāq-e Kasrā, Arch of Khosraw.	مدائن = المدائن = تیسفون
world	گیتی
and from, and with	وز = و از
The Tigris river cries one hundred Tigris rivers of blood	دجله ... گرید صد دجلهٔ خون
place where you dismount, stopping-place along the journey; in modern Persian, this word means 'home'.	منزل
wretchedness, ill-luck, calamity. pronunciation: khezlān	خذلان
to stay, to lodge, to put up temporarily ('at', 'in the vicinity of' = /be/)	منزل کردن به = اقامت کردن به
so that maybe, so that perhaps	تا بو که
Tigris river, pronunciation: dajle	دجله
order, edict, decree	حکم
much, so much, as much	چندان
you say. This also has become a fossilized form with the meaning, 'you might say", 'you could say', 'it's as if' (both spelling variants are fine)	گویی = گوئی
it is possible that, /bu ke/, this is a classical poetic form derived from the verb /budan/, to be	بو که
lesson, life lesson, warning	عبرت
mozhgān = mozhe-hā, 'eyelashes' the ān plural suffix is used with human and other animate beings or those objects belonging to animates	مژگان = مژه‌ها = پلک‌ها
it became enchained	در سلسله شد
have you heard? < to hear (This is a classical and literary tense similar to the present perfect in contemporary Persian.)	شنیدستی = شنیده‌ای < شنیدن
he/she/it has overturned, turned upside down, inverted < to overturn	نگون کرده < نگون کردن
"in raft setam" is an inversion of "in setam raft" for poetic emphasis effect: "this injustice befell us".	این رفت ستم = این ستم رفت
liver	جگر
sigh	آه
you are from dust	تو از خاکی = تو از خاک هستی
"the truth" (/al-/ is the Arabic definite article, "the"). al-haqq is also one of the names/attributes of God and may have the meaning "Oh God!" However, in normal usage, it is often simply uttered as an interjection and serves only to add a bit of emphasis or stress and would best be translated as "really!"	الحق
you find [it] strange (present indicative, no mi-) < to consider strange and wondrous	عجب داری < عجب داشتن
We are the court of justice.	ما بارگه دادیم = ما بارگه داد هستیم
what [misfortune] will arrive, come, befall, (present indicative, no mi-.)	چه رسد
eye; seen, that which has been observed	دیده
estān, 'taker', 'receiver', 'taking', 'receiving' is the participial form of the verb /setadan/, also pronounced /setodan/, 'to take', 'to receive'. (This verb is not related to /istādan/ , 'to stand'.) Compare with feshān ~afshān 'scattering' from the verb feshāndan, 'to scatter'. The initial alef is often added or removed for the sake of the poetic meter, also common device in breaking up clusters of consonants. Compare also with fesorde / afsorde 'frozen'.	استان = ستان < ستدن
half	نیم
at Madāen, for Madāen. The /rā/ following /madāen/ is not marking the direct object, rather, it is singling out Madāen as the focus of attention, similar to the related form /barā-ye/. This is a usage of /rā/ very common in classical and formal styles	مدائن را
upon us. This is one place in this poem where /bar/ means "on". It can also be the imperative of /bordan/ as we shall see later.	بر ما
(you) take a step! (imperative) < to take a step	گامی ... نه
fire, pronunciation: /ātash/ in formal and classical style. If, so far, you are only accostomed to hearing the colloquial, spoken equivalents of this word, i.e., /ātesh/ and /ātish/, you will need to make special efforts to pronounce this correctly as /ātash/ here.	آتش
one piece of advice	پندی
the [freezing] wind of lips and the burning of heart, the two temperature extremes	باد لب و سوز دل
The poet is playing on a stark contrast here: "nightingale" and "song" stand for happiness and jubilation; "owl" and "lamentation" stand for misery, sadness, destruction, loss, and lament. They are not the same thing, nor one morphs into the other. The second inevitably follows the first, the same way that in Khayyām's quatrain about this same palace, at one point in time, Jamshid is raising his cup, and then deer is giving birth to its fawn and fox is resting. The same contrast in Hafez, when he talks about the feast of Jamshid, and their recognition that that era would not last	جغد است پی بلبل، نوحه است پی الحان
wind, here, the freezing cold wind produced by sighing	باد
it weeps thus [that], it weeps in such a way [that]	چنان گرید
like, as, often pronounced /chun/ in classical style and /chon/ in modern style	چون
/az dide, `ebar kon/: learn from the seen, learn from the eye, learn from what you have observed with your eye!	از دیده عبر کن
base, root, foundation, pronunciation: bon	بن
you might hear (subjunctive) < to hear	شنوی = بشنوی < شنیدن
like a chain, it became twisted	چون سلسله شد پیچان
although	گرچه = اگرچه
grilled, roasted, broiled	بریان = برشته
wind of lips, wind on its lips, wind on its banks	باد لب
justice	داد
tooth, "cog-tooth"(as on a cog-wheel) or parapet of a palace/castle. With these special teeth, the palace will "talk" to you and teach you its lesson.	دندانه‌
(You) make go! (You) drive! Here: (You) cause to flow! (imperative) < to cause to go, to drive. /rāndan/ is the causative of /raftan/, 'to make the river of tears go flowing'.	ران < راندن
(You) know! (You) Consider (imperative) < to know, to consider	دان < دانستن
warmth, pronounced /taf/. Compare with /tof/ meaning meaning spit, spittle	تف = گرما
mouth	دهان
foam(ing) at the mouth	کف به دهان