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در این زمانهٔ وانفسا |
In these difficult times. Vānafsā is a vocative in the original Arabic: wa
وا is used to express sorrow or pain + proper name or definite word + ā (Wright, p. 93) |
| توی این وانفسا اینها را از کجا می‌خری؟ |
In this difficult/harsh [time], where are you going to buy it? (colloquial)
Vānafsā is a vocative in the original Arabic: wa وا
is used to express sorrow or pain + proper name or definite word + ā (Wright, p. 93) |
| واویلا | Vāvelā, Woe! Oh Sorrow! (synonym of vāy) |
| آی آدم‌ها | āy ādam-hā, Oh People! (āy = a semi-diphthong, different than /ay/ as in /maydān/ or /day-māh/ and other vocatives below) |
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آی! هندوانه! | āy hendevāne, Come and get it! Watermelons for sale! (āy, semi-diphthong) |
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آی! مواظب باش! | Hey! Careful! |
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ای پدر! | Oh father! (This is the diphthong /ay/, not /āy/) |
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ای خدا! | Oh God! (This is the diphthong /ay/, not /āy/) |
خدایا | Oh God! khodāyā = ay khodā |
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ای دل / دلا! | Oh Heart! ay del = delā |
شاهنشاها | Oh King! Oh King of Kings! |
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ای دریغا ای دریغا ای دریغ | Alas! alas! that so bright a moon
should be hidden by the clouds! (Rumi, Masnavi, v. 1, Bāz goftan-e bāzargān beh tuti ānche did az tutiyān-e hendushtan) As cited in Jones. Grammar, p. 97 "Interjections" |
| یاالله | Yāllāh! (Yā Allāh) Get moving! (synonym of /bejombid/) |
| یاالله | Oh God! Oh Woe! (synonym of /ay khodā) |
| بجنبید | Come on! Let's go! Get moving! (syn. of Yāllāh! and similar to "chalo!" in Hindi-Urdu) |
یا ربّ | yā rab(b)! Oh Lord! Oh God! |
| یاابالفضل | Yā Abol-Fazl! |
یا حسین! | Yā Hosayn! |
| یا علی | Yā `Āli! |
| مبادا | mabādā, may it not happen that, be careful lest it happen that (opposite of kāsh!) |
| روز مبادا | ruz-e mabādā, "a rainy day" |
| مبادا دست به آتش بزنی | mabādā dast be ātash bezani, Keep your hand out of the flames |
مرسادا | marasādā, oh may it not happen that, syn of mabādā |
حافظا | Oh Hāfez! (often used in the last line of a ghazal of Hāfez) |
سعدیا | Oh Sa`di! (often used in the last line of a ghazal of Sa`di) |