Stress and Intonation in the Present Perfect and Simple Past Tenses

In spoken Persian, the only way the Present Perfect Tense (Gozashte-ye Naqli)  is differentiated from the Simple Past Tense (Gozashte-ye Sāde) is by Stress. The Present Perfect is stressed on the last syllable and the Simple Past on the penultimate syllable. Moreover, in novels and stories containing dialogues, the two tenses are often simply written identically as the Simple Past.) When pronounced in an actual sentence, sentence stress may override rules for these verbs pronounced in isoloation.

 

Spelling Conventions used here:
  Simple Past (Written) Simple Past (Spoken) Present Perfect (Written) Present Perfect (Spoken)  

 

 

نشستم
نشستی
نشست
نشستیم
نشستید
نشستند

نشستم
نشستی
نشست
نشستیم
نشستین
نشستن
 

نشسته‌ام
نشسته‌ای
نشسته‌ است
نشسته‌ایم
نشسته‌اید
نشسته‌اند

نشسته‌م
نشسته‌ی
نشسته
نشسته‌یم
نشسته‌ین
نشسته‌ن

  
 

Four Series of Examples
 Series 1 Audio All Series 1
Question or Statement in Present Perfect?		 سری اول
سؤالی یا اِخباری در گذشتهٔ نقلیِ گفتاری؟
1 Have I sat down?

۱ نشسته‌م؟
2 I have sat down.

۲ نشسته‌م.
3 Have you sat down?

۳ نشسته‌ی؟
4 You have sat down.

۴ نشسته‌ی.
5 Has he/she/it sat down?

۵ نشسته؟
6 He/she/it has sat down.

۶ نشسته.
7 Have we sat down?

۷ نشسته‌یم؟
8 We have sat down

۸ نشسته‌یم.
9 Have you sat down?

۹ نشسته‌ین؟
10 You have sat down.

۱۰ نشسته‌ین.
11 Have they sat down?

۱۱ نشسته‌ن؟
12 They have sat down.

۱۲ نشسته‌ن.
Series 2 Audio All Series 2

Statement Simple Past or Present Perfect ?

سری دوم:
گذشتهٔ ساده یا نقلی در جملهٔ اِخباری گفتاری.
13 I sat down.

۱۳ نشستم.
14 I have sat down.

۱۴ نشسته‌م.
15 You sat down.

۱۵ نشستی.
16 You have sat down.

۱۶ نشسته‌ی.
17 He/she/it sat down. ۱۷ نشست.
18 He/she/it  has sat down. ۱۸ نشسته.
19 We sat down. ۱۹ نشستیم.
20 We have sat down. ۲۰ نشسته‌یم.
21 You sat down. ۲۱ نشستین.
22 You have sat down. ۲۲ نشسته‌ین.
23 They sat down. ۲۳ نشستن.
24 They have sat down. ۲۴ نشسته‌ن.
Series 3 Audio All Series 3

With the Addition of the word "alone"

 سری سوم:
به اضابهٔ کلمهٔ «تنها»
25 Have I sat down alone? ۲۵ تنها نشسته‌م؟
26 I have sat down alone. ۲۶ تنها نشسته‌م.
27 Have you sat down alone? ۲۷ تنها نشسته‌ی؟
28 You have sat down alone. ۲۸ تنها نشسته‌ی.
29 Has he/she/it sat down alone? ۲۹ تنها نشسته؟
30 He/she/it has sat down alone. ۳۰ تنها نشسته.
31 Have we sat down alone? ۳۱ تنها نشسته‌یم؟
32 We have sat down alone. ۳۲ تنها نشسته‌یم.
33 Have you sat down alone? ۳۳ تنها نشسته‌ین؟
34 You have sat down alone. ۳۴ تنها نشسته‌ین.
35 Have they sat down alone? ۳۵ تنها نشسته‌ن؟
36 They have sat down alone. ۳۶ تنها نشسته‌ن.
Series 4 Audio All Series 4

Present Perfect Question Positive or Negative?

 سری چهارم
صورت منفی یا مثبت در جملهٔ سؤالی گذشتهٔ نقلی
37 Have I sat down alone? ۳۷ تنها نشسته‌م؟
38 Have I not sat down alone? ۳۸ تنها ننشسته‌م؟
39 Have you sat down alone? ۳۹ تنها نشسته‌ی؟
40 Have you not sat down alone? ۴۰ تنها ننشسته‌ی؟
41 Has he/she/it sat down alone? ۴۱ تنها نشسته؟
42 Has he/she/it not sat down alone? ۴۲ تنها ننشسته؟
43 Have we sat down alone? ۴۳ تنها نشسته‌یم؟
44 Have we not sat down alone? ۴۴ تنها ننشسته‌یم؟
45 Have you sat down alone? ۴۵ تنها نشسته‌ین؟
46 Have you not sat down alone? ۴۶ تنها ننشسته‌ین؟
47 Have they sat down alone? ۴۷ تنها نشسته‌ن؟
48 Have they not sat down alone? ۴۸ تنها ننشسته‌ن؟